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Marginal marks
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Electronic document proofreader's marks

These changes can be marked electronically, on screen. There is no agreed standard yet but these are recognised, especially in academic and technical publications.

In-line mark

Instruction

[ab]

Faulty abbreviation

[ad]

Misuse of adjective or adverb

[agr]

Error in agreement

[appr]

Inappropriate diction

[awk]

Awkward construction

[bib]

Error in bibliography form

[B]

Bold

[br]

Set in brackets

[ca]

Error in case form

[cap]

Use capital letter

[cit]

Missing source citation
or error in form of citation

[clos]

Close up

[coh]

Coherence lacking

[con]

Be more concise 

[coord]

Coordination needed or faulty 

[cs]

Comma splice 

[d]

Error in diction

[del]

Delete

[dev]

Inadequate development

[div]

Incorrect word division

[dm]

Dangling modifier

[emph]

Emphasis lacking or faulty 

[exact]

Inexact word 

[frag]

Sentence fragment 

[fs]

Fused sentence

[gr]

Error in grammar 

[hyph]

Error in use of hyphen

[in]

Insert in line

[inc]

Incomplete construction

[ind]

Indent

[ital]

Italicize

[lc]

Use lowercase letter

[log]

Faulty logic 

[mixed]

Mixed construction

[mm]

Misplaced modifier 

[mng]

Meaning unclear 

[ms]

Error in manuscript form

[noP]

Merge paragraphs

[no,]

Comma not needed 

[num]

Error in use of numbers 

[P]

New paragraph

[Pcoh]

Paragraph not coherent

[Pdev]

Paragraph not developed 

[Pun]

Paragraph not unified

[punc]

Error in punctuation

[pass]

Ineffective passive voice

[ref]

Error in pronoun reference

[repeat]

Unnecessary repetition

[rep]

Replace in line

[rev]

Revise or proofread

[rom]

Set in Roman numerals

[run-on]

Run-on (fused) sentence

[shift]

Inconsistency

[sp]

Misspelled word

[spo]

Spell out

[spec]

Be more specific

[sub]

Subscript

[subor]

Subordination needed or faulty 

[sug]

Suggestion

[sup]

Superscript

[t]

Error in verb tense 

[tseq]

Error in tense sequence 

[tp]

Transpose

[trans]

Transition needed

[var]

Vary sentence structure 

[vb]

Error in verb form

[w]

Wordy

[ww]

Wrong word 

[//]

Faulty parallelism

[#]

Insert space

[X]

Obvious error

[()]

Parentheses

[?]

Something missing

[??]

Meaning unclear 

Comments and marks should be enclosed by square brackets, in bold type.

Back to Proof-reader's marks 

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